Altinoz,
M. (2008). An Overall Approach to the Communication of Organizations in
Conventional and Virtual Office. Proceedings of the World Academy of Science,
Engineering, and
Technology.
Volume 31.
ANNOTATION:
Author Mehmet Altinoz does an
excellent job of defining the communication approach for corporations. While
the communication of an organization may seem obvious, most corporations could
do a better job regarding their approach. Altinoz begins the article by
reviewing the functions of communication such as providing information,
training, motivation, etc. This is a good breakdown of the purposes of
organizational communication and the intent behind relaying various messages.
At the most basic level, “communication helps implement and the basic functions
of management such as planning, organizing and control; and thus organizations
can fulfill their roles” (p. 476). Altinoz also addresses communication methods
best used for virtual offices environments since they provide different
challenges than conventional office settings. This article is one that touches
on how our society can prepare ourselves for efficient training in the
workplace via virtual offices. This article can also provide information on how
communication professionals receive their training, such as through distance
education and the best practices others have learned from this type of medium.
ABSTRACT:
Organizational
communication is an administrative function crucial especially for executives
in the implementation of organizational and administrative functions.
Executives spend a significant part of their time on communicative activities.
Doing his or her daily routine, arranging meeting schedules, speaking on the telephone,
reading or replying to business correspondence, or fulfilling the control
functions within the organization, an executive typically engages in
communication processes. Efficient communication is the principal device for
the adequate implementation of administrative and organizational activities.
For this purpose, management needs to specify the kind of communication system
to be set up and the kind of communication devices to be used. Communication is
vital for any organization. In conventional offices, communication takes place
within the hierarchical pyramid called the organizational structure, and is known
as formal or informal communication. Formal communication is the type that
works in specified structures within the organizational rules and towards the
organizational goals. Informal communication, on the other hand, is the
unofficial type, taking place among staff as face-to-face or telephone
interaction. Communication in virtual as well as conventional offices is essential
for obtaining the right information in administrative activities and
decision-making. Virtual communication technologies increase the efficiency of
communication especially in virtual teams. Group communication is strengthened
through an inter-group central channel. Further, ease of information
transmission makes it possible to reach the information at the source, allowing
efficient and correct decisions. Virtual offices can present as a whole the
elements of information, which conventional offices produce in different
environments. At present, virtual work has become a reality with its pros and cons,
and will probably spread very rapidly in coming years, in line with the growth
in information technologies.
Cassidy, W. (2007). Online News
Credibility: An Examination of the Perceptions of
Newspaper Journalists. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.
doi:
10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00334.x
ANNOTATION:
Written
by Northern Illinois University Department of Communication professor, William
P. Cassidy, this article gives interesting information regarding the
journalists’ view of online news credibility. Cassidy’s main research consists
of online journalism and influences on news media content. His article reveals
that the journalists’ view feels that online news sites do not meet the same
standards as traditional sources. Furthermore, they tend to rate the
credibility of online news sites lower than the general public. Their
skepticism of credibility stems from valid concern over the speed at which
stories are posted online, which makes mistakes more common in reporting. The
results of this research provide key insights into the evolving role of
journalists as “gatekeepers” in the online environment. Additionally, the
results prove that traditional journalists are beginning to incorporate the
validity of online journalism into their professional principles.
ABSTRACT:
This
study examines print and online daily newspaper journalists’ perceptions of the
credibility
of Internet news information, as well as the influence of several factors—
most
notably, professional role conceptions—on those perceptions. Credibility was
measured as a multidimensional construct. The results of a survey of U.S.
journalists (N =655) show that Internet news information was viewed as
moderately credible overall
and
that online newspaper journalists rated Internet news information as
significantly
more
credible than did print newspaper journalists. Hierarchical regression analyses
reveal
that Internet reliance was a strong positive predictor of credibility. Two professional
role conceptions also emerged as significant predictors. The populist mobilizer
role conception was a significant positive predictor of online news
credibility, while the adversarial role conception was a significant negative
predictor. Demographic characteristics of print and online daily newspaper
journalists did not influence their perceptions of online news credibility.
Davis, J.
(2012). Social Media and Experiential Ambivalence. Future Internet, 4, 955-970.
doi:
10.3390/fi4040955
ANNOTATION:
This article
discusses our society’s relationship between social media and the Internet as
being ambivalent. The author uses experiential accounts from 231 subjects to
perform a Facebook-based qualitative study. Author Jenny L. Davis argues that
this relationship is neither utopian nor dystopian in nature (as some may
argue) and, based on her study, concludes our feelings towards social media are
ambivalent. She goes on to state that the key is to diagnose social media ambivalence and even associates similar
feelings regarding medical enhancement technologies. Ultimately, the question
lies in an uncertainty of technological effects as well as the relationship
between technological objects and morality. She concludes with the poignant
observation that society can “log off” or “disconnect” from social media no
more than the decision to not own a vehicle precludes a person from navigating
the transportation system. How does this information affect the way
communication professionals engage with audiences?
ABSTRACT:
At once fearful and dependent,
hopeful and distrustful, our contemporary relationship with technology is
highly ambivalent. Using experiential accounts from an ongoing Facebook-based
qualitative study (N = 231), I both diagnose and articulate this ambivalence. I
argue that technological ambivalence is rooted primarily in the deeply embedded
moral prescription to lead a meaningful life, and a related uncertainty about
the role of new technologies in the accomplishment of this task. On the one
hand, technology offers the potential to augment or even enhance personal and
public life. On the other hand, technology looms with the potential to supplant
or replace real experience. I examine these polemic potentialities in the
context of personal experiences, interpersonal relationships, and political
activism. I conclude by arguing that the pervasive integration and
non-optionality of technical systems amplifies utopian hopes, dystopian fears,
and ambivalent concerns in the contemporary era.
DeKay, S. (2010). Designing Email Messages for Corporate
Readers: A Case Study of Effective
and Ineffective Rhetorical Strategies at a Fortune
100 Company. Focus on Business Practices.
doi: 10.1177/1080569909358103
ANNOTATION:
This article addresses the fact that e-mail has become a
central component to our professional lives. Over the years, several studies
have revealed e-mail has becomes the preferred method of professional
communication. Therefore, this study attempted to decipher the best way to
communicate to employees through e-mail. The findings revealed that despite
what communication researchers and textbooks often portray, messages received
by corporate employees reveal that e-mail can be just as robust as brochures or
websites and a standardized header accompanied by a block of user-created text
does not always have to be the norm. However, as the article states, it is
important to keep in mind the structural and stylistic cues that are
appropriate for the intended audience’s expectations. Incorporating fresh, new
designs can be a good thing as long as the readers are willing to embrace this
content. I found this article to be incredibly helpful for myself as I continue
to build my portfolio and construct e-mail messages for company communication.
Lariscy,
R., Avery, E., Sweetser, K., & Howes, P. (2009). An Examination of the Role
of Online
Social Media in
Journalists’ Source Mix. Public Relations
Review: A Global Journal of Research and Comment. 35: 314-316.
ANNOTATION:
This
article focuses on how communication professionals, specifically journalists,
use – or do not use – social media in their roles as news gatherers and
disseminators. The article reviews a study where 200 business journalists
participated in a phone interview that included questions on demographics,
uses, and perceived value of social media by journalists. Shockingly, 34%
considered social media to be of little or no importance in their jobs and
approximately 3% find the majority of their information in online sources. The
results of the study indicate that journalists embrace the concept of social media rather than actually utilizing the
practices of it. These are interesting findings considering so much of our news
is consumed through social media such as news apps, Twitter, etc. The
consensus of those surveyed was that social media was not very important to the
journalists’ overall profession. Fortunately, those conducting the research
realize that this thought process needs changing. Social media is becoming more
and more prevalent in the role of news building, and, as the authors state,
journalists would be smart to be prepared for the day social media may
contribute to agenda building. I would say that day is already here.
ABSTRACT:
Using telephone surveys of
business/financial journalists in the United States (n = 200), this
research investigates the
agenda-building role of social media content in journalists’ work.
Understanding that more non-public
relations content from user-generated and social network
sites, like YouTube and Twitter, are
fast becoming resources for journalists to get story
ideas, break scandals, and find
sources, we began this scholarly work to determine the frequency
of such uses of social media.
Overall, findings indicate very little use of social media
by these business journalists.
Results and implications for public relations practitioners are
discussed in detail.
Shah,
K. (2013). The First Amendment Goes Digital – Clicking “Like” on Facebook is
Speech.
http://newmedialaw.proskauer.com/2013/10/06/the-first-amendment-goes-digital-clicking- like-on-facebook-is-speech/
ANNOTATION:
This article explores the case of Bland v. Roberts, a case that argues
clicking “like” on Facebook qualifies as speech. The articles tells the story
of former sheriff’s deputies claim the Sheriff violated their First Amendment
rights by choosing not to reappoint them based on their lack of political
affiliation with him during his campaign. In fact, one deputy clicked “like” on
the Facebook page of the Sheriff’s opponent and subsequently posted supporting
comments. According to the court, clicking “like” on the Sheriff’s opponent’s
Facebook page caused the opponent’s page and name to appear on the user’s
Facebook feed. The court stressed that social media offers individuals a
powerful message board to communicate his or her views through the click of a
button. This is another example of how social media is affecting everyone,
including communication professionals.
Singer,
J. (1998). Online Journalists: Foundations for Research into their Changing
Roles. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. Volume 4,
Issue 1.
ANNOTATION:
Jane
Singer addresses key issues such as gatekeeping theory, diffusion of
innovation, sociology of news work, and social cohesion. The article suggests
that instead of gate-keeping disappearing with the invention of the Internet,
some journalists see this function as evolving in this new media environment
and feel their primary role is “interpreter” as opposed to “gatherers” and
“disseminators.” In contrast to the report from Lariscy et al., which states
that journalists do not engage with social media in the professional context,
Singer argues that journalists use interactive media to gather information as
well as disseminate it. This relates to the writer’s responsibility since we can
now understand the way journalists view their roles in the new media.
ABSTRACT:
Interactive
media have grabbed the attention of communication researchers in the latter
half of the 1990s, but the focus to date has been primarily on media audiences
and their use of these new forms. This paper suggests four approaches that may
help provide theory-based underpinnings in a different area: the study of
journalists and the ways in which their roles and jobs are changing. The
approaches are gate-keeping theory; diffusion of innovation theory;
sociological perspectives, particularly those involving the sociology of news
work; and a somewhat eclectic perspective that explores the idea of journalism
as a potential force of cohesion in an increasingly fragmented society.
Sugar,
W., Martindale, T., & Crawley, F. (2007). One Professor’s Face-to-Face
Teaching
Strategies while becoming an Online Instructor. The Quarterly Review of Distance
Education. Volume 8(4), p.
365-385.
ANNOTATION:
William Sugar, Associate Professor for East Carolina
University, explores teaching strategies of the traditional classroom
environment as opposed to an online forum. Online professors face different
challenges in the online environment such as a distinct set of online student
needs and the need to promote interaction in the distance learning environments
(p. 366). Sugar believes that teaching in the online environment requires
additional preparation time as well as a loss of personal interactions with
students. The research revealed mixed reviews with participants feeling some
face-to-face activities can be replicated in the online environment and some
cannot. While I believe this information to be fact, I believe we have to ask
the question of how this impacts the ability to learn and retain information.
For example, I prefer an online environment as I am a good independent student.
However, I have encountered many people who prefer the classroom environment
since they need that one-on-one interaction with their professors and classmates.
This type of analysis and information is important as our society raises up the
next generation of communication professionals. How we learn is just as
important as what we learn.
ABSTRACT:
With
the increasing number of online courses within many higher education institutions,
experienced instructors are facing the possibility of teaching online. These
faculty members may face the task of converting their well-established
face-to-face teaching strategies into an online environment. To better understand
this transition, we analyzed the practice of one senior professor and his
face-to-face teaching strategies. This single-case study gave us insight into
these strategies and enabled us to describe how current and emerging online
tools could accommodate these strategies.
References
Altinoz,
M. (2008). An Overall Approach to the Communication of Organizations in
Conventional and Virtual Office. Proceedings of the World Academy of Science,
Engineering, and
Technology.
Volume 31.
Cassidy,
W. (2007). Online News Credibility: An Examination of the Perceptions of
Newspaper Journalists. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication.
doi:
10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00334.x
Davis, J.
(2012). Social Media and Experiential Ambivalence. Future Internet, 4, 955-970.
doi:
10.3390/fi4040955
DeKay, S. (2010). Designing Email Messages for Corporate
Readers: A Case Study of Effective
and Ineffective Rhetorical Strategies at a Fortune
100 Company. Focus on Business Practices.
doi: 10.1177/1080569909358103
Lariscy, R., Avery, E., Sweetser, K., &
Howes, P. (2009). An Examination of the Role of Online
Social Media in
Journalists’ Source Mix. Public Relations
Review: A Global Journal of Research and Comment. 35: 314-316.
Shah,
K. (2013). The First Amendment Goes Digital – Clicking “Like” on Facebook is
Speech.
http://newmedialaw.proskauer.com/2013/10/06/the-first-amendment-goes-digital-clicking- like-on-facebook-is-speech/
Singer,
J. (1998). Online Journalists: Foundations for Research into their Changing
Roles. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. Volume 4,
Issue 1.
Sugar,
W., Martindale, T., & Crawley, F. (2007). One Professor’s Face-to-Face
Teaching
Strategies while becoming an Online Instructor. The Quarterly Review of Distance
Education. Volume 8(4), p.
365-385.
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